How To Create Responsive Menu In Css

Cover image for Let's build a responsive navbar and hamburger menu using HTML, CSS, and Javascript.

Let's build a responsive navbar and hamburger menu using HTML, CSS, and Javascript.

Hello everyone! In this tutorial lets build a responsive navbar and hamburger menu using html,css and a little bit of javascript.

This is how it will look,

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Github link :

So let's start with the HTML,

                              <header                class=                "header"                >                <nav                class=                "navbar"                >                <a                href=                "#"                class=                "nav-logo"                >WebDev.</a>                <ul                class=                "nav-menu"                >                <li                class=                "nav-item"                >                <a                href=                "#"                class=                "nav-link"                >Services</a>                </li>                <li                class=                "nav-item"                >                <a                href=                "#"                class=                "nav-link"                >Blog</a>                </li>                <li                class=                "nav-item"                >                <a                href=                "#"                class=                "nav-link"                >About</a>                </li>                <li                class=                "nav-item"                >                <a                href=                "#"                class=                "nav-link"                >Contact</a>                </li>                </ul>                <div                class=                "hamburger"                >                <span                class=                "bar"                ></span>                <span                class=                "bar"                ></span>                <span                class=                "bar"                ></span>                </div>                </nav>                </header>

Here, we have

header with the class of header which work as a container of our navbar
nav with the class of navbar
a link with the class of nav-logo
ul with the class of nav-menu
inside the ul we have 4 lis with the class of nav-item
inside each nav-item we have a link with the class of nav-link
for our hamburger I have added a div with the class of hamburger and inside which we have 3 spans with the class of bar

So this is the HTML that we need.

Now let's add the CSS reset

(Here we will import the font we need and add some basic CSS to reset all the default styles.

                              @import                url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:ital,wght@0,500;1,400&display=swap')                ;                *                {                margin                :                0                ;                padding                :                0                ;                box-sizing                :                border-box                ;                }                html                {                font-size                :                62.5%                ;                font-family                :                'Roboto'                ,                sans-serif                ;                }                li                {                list-style                :                none                ;                }                a                {                text-decoration                :                none                ;                }

Now let's add styles to the elements one by one,

header and navbar

                              .header                {                border-bottom                :                1px                solid                #E2E8F0                ;                }                .navbar                {                display                :                flex                ;                justify-content                :                space-between                ;                align-items                :                center                ;                padding                :                1rem                1.5rem                ;                }

hamburger styles

                              .hamburger                {                display                :                none                ;                }                .bar                {                display                :                block                ;                width                :                25px                ;                height                :                3px                ;                margin                :                5px                auto                ;                -webkit-transition                :                all                0.3s                ease-in-out                ;                transition                :                all                0.3s                ease-in-out                ;                background-color                :                #101010                ;                }

basic styles for our other elements

                              .nav-menu                {                display                :                flex                ;                justify-content                :                space-between                ;                align-items                :                center                ;                }                .nav-item                {                margin-left                :                5rem                ;                }                .nav-link                {                font-size                :                1.6rem                ;                font-weight                :                400                ;                color                :                #475569                ;                }                .nav-link                :hover                {                color                :                #482ff7                ;                }                .nav-logo                {                font-size                :                2.1rem                ;                font-weight                :                500                ;                color                :                #482ff7                ;                }

After this, It should look like this,

Alt Text

But It's not responsive yet, so let's add the media queries.

                              @media                only                screen                and                (                max-width                :                768px                )                {                .nav-menu                {                position                :                fixed                ;                left                :                -100%                ;                top                :                5rem                ;                flex-direction                :                column                ;                background-color                :                #fff                ;                width                :                100%                ;                border-radius                :                10px                ;                text-align                :                center                ;                transition                :                0.3s                ;                box-shadow                :                0                10px                27px                rgba                (                0                ,                0                ,                0                ,                0.05                );                }                .nav-menu.active                {                left                :                0                ;                }                .nav-item                {                margin                :                2.5rem                0                ;                }                .hamburger                {                display                :                block                ;                cursor                :                pointer                ;                }                }

What this media query does is, hides our nav-menu by setting position: fixed; left: -100%; on it.
Also, we set our hamburger to display: block; so it's visible now.
We have also added an extra class that is .nav-menu.active which sets left: 0; on the nav-menu. Now we will have to add the javascript which will add this active class on the nav-menu when we click our hamburger.

Let's add the javascript.

                              const                hamburger                =                document                .                querySelector                (                "                .hamburger                "                );                const                navMenu                =                document                .                querySelector                (                "                .nav-menu                "                );                hamburger                .                addEventListener                (                "                click                "                ,                mobileMenu                );                function                mobileMenu                ()                {                hamburger                .                classList                .                toggle                (                "                active                "                );                navMenu                .                classList                .                toggle                (                "                active                "                );                }

Here the function mobileMenu() also adds an active class on our hamburger and our nav-menu which makes our mobile menu open. we can use the active class on the hamburger to create that X animation when we click on the hamburger. so let's do that now.

                              //                Inside                the                Media                Query                .                .hamburger.active                .bar                :nth-child                (                2                )                {                opacity                :                0                ;                }                .hamburger.active                .bar                :nth-child                (                1                )                {                transform                :                translateY                (                8px                )                rotate                (                45deg                );                }                .hamburger.active                .bar                :nth-child                (                3                )                {                transform                :                translateY                (                -8px                )                rotate                (                -45deg                );                }

It should look like this now,

Alt Text

But there is a catch, the hamburger menu doesn't close when we click a link. So let's add that now,

                              const                navLink                =                document                .                querySelectorAll                (                "                .nav-link                "                );                navLink                .                forEach                (                n                =>                n                .                addEventListener                (                "                click                "                ,                closeMenu                ));                function                closeMenu                ()                {                hamburger                .                classList                .                remove                (                "                active                "                );                navMenu                .                classList                .                remove                (                "                active                "                );                }

The closeMenu() function removes the active class from both the nav-menu and the hamburger which makes our mobile menu close.

Alt Text

So that's it guys we built a responsive navbar and hamburger menu with HTML CSS and javascript. Hope u liked it. Share this article. Thank you 😀